It is becoming increasingly common for archaeologists and paleontologists to contribute to modern wildlife management using paleozoological datasets. In Texas for much of the Holocene Native American hunters and large carnivores were important predators of white-tailed deer. The population-thinning effects of predation were removed with extermination of large carnivores and with the concomittant disappearance of subsistence hunting by humans during the historic period. Today, society is faced with a pest-level deer population in central Texas and many other areas of eastern North America. This research addresses whether or not the effects of predator removal can be mitigated with sport harvest through the study of the effects of harvest pressure on deer age structure and body size and summarizes what contributions, if any, paleozoology can offer to modern wildlife biology.