Biology Department at Texas State University

Course Listing

Please note that you must earn a minimum of a "C" to count a course as a prerequisite.

A note on course numbers:
The first number in the course number identifies the rank of student for which the course is intended.
For example, "1320" is intended for freshmen (1st rank), while "3421" is intended for juniors (3rd rank).
The second number indicates the number of class hours per week the class lasts.
Therefore, "2400" has four hours of class per week, usually split among two or three days. "1320" has three hours.
Please note that usually includes laboratory hours.
The last two numbers are identity numbers, and are not important to students

For a current listing of open courses, please see the CatsWeb Schedule of Classes.

Undergraduate Courses

Number	Title	Description and Prerequisite
BIO 1320	Modern Biology I Molecules, Cells, and Physiology	Provides students with basic scientific and biological principles. Current problems in biology and the ethics of science are presented with perspectives of public policy from a scientific viewpoint. This course, when accompanied by BIO 1421, will fulfill the Natural Science Core Component. This course is not recommended for majors in the natural sciences, including biology.
BIO 1421	Modern Biology II Organisms, Evolution, and Environment	This course provides the non-science major the strong and diverse background necessary to understand the structural and functional diversity of organisms, evolution and behavior, and interactions among organisms and their environment. Topics include issues such as the genetic basis of behavior, overpopulation and extinction, ozone depletion, and conservation biology. This course is not recommended for majors in the natural sciences, including biology.
BIO 1430	Functional Biology	Provides the science major with a strong foundation in cellular and molecular biology and physiology. Topics include biological chemistry, metabolism, the molecular bases of cellular functions and genetics, the molecular biology of reproduction and development, cell signaling, neurobiology and the special senses, and human physiology and the immune system. Not recommended for non-majors.
BIO 1431	Organismal Biology	Provides the science major with a strong foundation in organismal biology, Mendelian and population genetics, evolution, and ecology. Topics include taxonomy, patterns of diversity, ecosystems and human biology, behavior, reproductive biology, and comparative physiology. Not recommended for non-majors.
BIO 2400	Microbiology	Principles of microbiology, morphology, anatomy, physiology and taxonomy of representative groups of non-pathogenic organisms. Laboratory methods stress studies of pure cultures, the use of laboratory apparatus in quantitative determinations and the detection and identification of microbial populations in the environment. Prerequisites: BIO 1430, 1431, and CHEM 1341 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 2410	Intro to General Botany	An introduction to the biology of plants and plant-like organisms, emphasizing their role in ecosystem processes, relationships between structure and function, and the evolutionary relationships among the major plant groups. Prerequisites: BIO 1430 and 1431 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 2411	Intermediate Zoology	Provides biology majors a strong foundation in animal biology at the organismal level. The format will include details of animal form and function as well as concepts relating to classification, phylogeny, evolution, and ecology. Topics will include natural history, biogeography, adaptations to local environments, shared characters, and behavior. All material is presented in an accepted phylogenetic sequence. Prerequisites: BIO 1430 and 1431 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 2430	Human Physiology and Anatomy	A course on human physiology covering the various organ systems. Principles of molecular biology, cell and tissue structure, anatomy and relationship of structure and function are stressed. May not be credited toward a Biology major or minor.
BIO 2440	Principles of Microbiology	The Basic Principles of microbiology, morphology, physiology, immunology and the relationship of microorganisms to diseases. This course is designed primarily to meet the requirements for students in allied health sciences and other programs requiring only one semester of microbiology. This course may not be credited toward a biology major or minor.
BIO 2450	Genetics	An introduction to basic principles of Genetics by studies of Mendelian, molecular, quantitative and population genetics. Topics include: classical transmission genetics, and gene mapping, DNA replication and repair, transcription, translation, control of gene expression, genetic engineering techniques, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, evolutionary change via natural selection, and genetic drift. Prerequisites: BIO 1430, 1431; CHEM 1141, 1341, 1142, and 1342 with grades of C or higher.
BIO 3300	Cell and Molecular Biology	Fundamentals of structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Course includes cell and organelle structure, basic biochemistry, principles of thermodynamics and energy transformation, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, enzyme kinetics, cell motility and cell signaling. Prerequisites: BIO 1430 and CHEM 1342 with grades of C or higher.
BIO 3308	Global Ecology (WI)	An interdisciplinary introduction to the science of global environmental change. Emphasis will be placed on understanding principles of earth system science, the scientific basis underlying the major components of global environmental change, the linkages between these components, and the central role of humanity in contributing to the observed changes. Prerequisites: BIO 1430, 1431 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3351	General Genetics	Basic principles of genetics which relate to the problems of human populations. A course in genetics for non-science majors. May not be credited toward a biology major. Not creditable toward a biology minor if credit is received for BIO 2450. Prerequisites: BIO 1320, 1421 or 1430, 1431 completed with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3370	The Biology of Marine Mammals (WI)	This course will examine the evolution, behavior, and physiological adaptations (morphological, sensory, energetic, reproductive, and communicative) of the major groups of marine mammals: cetaceans, pinnipeds, and siennas. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3406	Economic Botany	An introduction to the utilization of plants by humans and their economic and ecological significance. Laboratories will stress plant features beneficial to economic and societal needs. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3410	Phycology	A study of algal organisms, comparative and culture techniques. Prerequisites: 8 hours from BIO 1410, 2410 2450, 3400, 3450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3421	Vertebrate Physiology (WI)	The physiology of vertebrate organs will be explored by study of the systems in which they function. Mammalian systems will be emphasized. The systems studied include the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the reproductive system and the urinary system. Prerequisites: BIO 2411 and 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3422	Biological Oceanography (WI)	This course examines chemical and physical aspects of oceans and estuaries as they relate to biological oceanography, specifically primary and secondary productivity, energy flow, and adaptations of marine organisms. Two field trips are taken to the Gulf Coast of Texas. Prerequisites: BIO 2450, 2410 or 2411 with a grade of C or higher; GEO 3335.
BIO 3430	Mycology	A study of the fungal kingdom including slime molds and lichens. Laboratory studies will emphasize taxonomy, morphology and culture techniques. Prerequisites: BIO 2410 or 2400, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3442	Virology (WI)	The structure, multiplication and genetics of bacterial, plant, and animal viruses. The role of viruses in human and plant disease. Prerequisites: BIO 2400, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3460	Aquatic Biology (WI)	An introduction to plant and animal life in the fresh water habitats of the local area. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher; one year of Chemistry.
BIO 3461	Plant Taxonomy	Principles of identification and classification of plants; nomenclature and characteristics of various plant groups with emphasis on the higher plants. Prerequisites: BIO 2410, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3465	Plant Physiology	Basic principles of plant physiology studied in lecture and laboratory. Prerequisites: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher or consent of instructor. One semester of organic chemistry is strongly recommended.
BIO 3470	Invertebrate Zoology	A study of the comparative morphology, evolution, systematics and natural history of invertebrates. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3480	Histology	A study of the structural and functional relationships between cells and tissues in organs. The laboratory includes the study of prepared slides and of microtechnique. This course is designed to meet the needs of pre-professional students. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 3490	Vertebrate Embryology	A comparative study of the processes and forms of vertebrate embryonic development with emphasis on the human. The laboratory includes the study of sea urchin, Amphioxus, frog, chick and pig embryos. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4299	Undergraduate Research	Supervised individual research projects in a mentor-student relationship with a biology professor. Available only to biology majors with junior standing and at least a B average. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisites: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher and GPA 3.0 or above and consent of the supervising professor.
BIO 4300	Neurobiology	This course will give students an overview of neuroscience, particularly the areas of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and evolutionary and developmental neurobiology. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4301	Evolution	Basic genetic principles applied to natural selection, adaptation, populations, speciation and mans future. Consideration is given to the origin of life, nature of chromosomal variation, evolution of genetic systems and certain other selected topics. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4304	Wildlife and Recreation: Impact and Management	Students will be introduced to the impact human recreational activities have on wildlife habitats and populations. Management practices to enhance human-wildlife encounters or to minimize detrimental effects on wildlife populations will be presented. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4305	Nature Study	A comprehensive survey of natural events. Includes laboratory and field work emphasizing observation, collection and discovery of relationships. Creditable only for those seeking elementary certification. Required for those seeking grade 4-8 Science and Mathematics/Science certification.
BIO 4306	Population Genetics	Examines the fundamental mathematical models used by population geneticists and the theory underlying them, emphasizing modern genetic approaches. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4350	Topics in Biology	Selected advanced topics in biology. This course can be repeated for credit. Prerequisites will be determined by topic and faculty offering the course.
BIO 4369	Biosystematics	Biological systematics is a multidisciplinary component of most biological disciplines. Course topics include: classification schemes, homology, homoplasy, the application of nomenclature, and phylogeny reconstruction. The course will also present relevant issues in conservation, biodiversity cataloguing, museum and collection management, and identification methods / dichotomous keys. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4402	Earth Science I	The description and interpretation of earth phenomena considered from the standpoint of meteorology and astroscience. Includes field observations, methods of measurement and interpretation of data related to the physical environment and space technology. May not be counted toward a major or minor in biology. Required for those seeking grade 4-8 Science and Mathematics/Science certification.
BIO 4403	Earth Science II	The description and interpretation of earth phenomena considered from the standpoint of geology and oceanography. Includes field observations, methods of sampling and interpretation of data related to the physical environment. May not be counted toward a major or a minor in biology. Required for those seeking grade 4-8 Science and Mathematics/Science certification.
BIO 4408	Science Processes and Research	Students will analyze research design, design research, interpret data, and communicate results. Stress on broad-field structure and integration of major science concepts and science knowledge. Should be taken the semester prior to student teaching. A required course for those seeking grade 8-12 Life Sciences and Science teacher certification. May not count as one of the four upper-level Biology courses required of general Biology majors, or one of the three upper-level Biology courses required of Biology minors.
BIO 4410	Field Biology of Plants	Ecological relationships and natural history of plants, including historical geology, geography, soils, vegetational regions and surface geology of central Texas. Emphasis is placed on plant-soil-water relationships to develop conservation concepts. Students will make a representative collection of plants. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4411	Morphology of the Vascular Plants	The structure, life-cycles and evolution of fossil and living vascular plants. Emphasis on such topics as the origin of land plants, evolution of the ovule, angiospermy, the flower and fruit. Prerequisites: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher; one year of Chemistry.
BIO 4412	Plant Anatomy	The anatomy of vascular plants stressing descriptive, development and comparative aspects of seed plants and the anatomical adaptations of plants to environmental factors. Prerequisites: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher; one year of Chemistry.
BIO 4413	Parasitology	The biology and biological significance of the common parasites of man and animals. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4415	Ichthyology	An introduction to the morphology, taxonomy, natural history and evolution of fishes. Field trips will be made to collect specimens and laboratory periods will be devoted to morphological and systematic analysis. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4416	General Ecology	The ecological relationships that exist between organisms and those relationships that exist between organism and environment. Laboratory sessions will be devoted to literature review and/or specific ecological problems. This course or BIO 4454 is required of all biology majors. Prerequisites: BIO 2450; BIO 2410, 2411, or 2400 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4420	Natural History of the Vertebrates	Environmental relationships and natural history of vertebrates. Emphasis is upon taxonomy, speciation and biotic provinces. The laboratory will include field trips for the study and collection of animals in their natural habitats. Students will assemble a representative collection of animals. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4421	Ornithology	Introduction to anatomy, behavior, ecology and identification of birds of Texas. Laboratory will emphasize field studies of birds and their habitat requirements. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4422	Mammalogy	The taxonomy, distribution, ecology, behavior and evolution of mammals with particular emphasis on wild animals of the southwest. Laboratory will emphasize anatomy, identification, preparation of specimens and field exercises in the methods of population analysis. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher. BIO 4416 is also recommended.
BIO 4423	Wildlife Management	Applications of the principles of ecology and natural history to the management of wildlife habitats and control of wildlife populations. Laboratory will involve demonstrations and practice exercises with wildlife management techniques and instrumentation and field trips to observe wildlife management projects. Prerequisites: BIO 2410, 2411, and 2450 with a grade of C or higher. BIO 4416, 4421, or 4422 is also recommended.
BIO 4425	Biometry	Basic principles of statistical methods as applied to biological problems such as sampling techniques, analysis of data, experimental design and population dynamics. Emphasis will be on practical application. Prerequisites: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher; MATH 1315.
BIO 4426	Immunology	A study of the immune response, antigen/antibody reactions, major histocompatibility complex, and immunopathology. Prerequisites: BIO 2400, 2450 with a grade of C or higher. One semester of organic chemistry is recommended.
BIO 4434	Herpetology	A course treating the origin and evolution of amphibians and reptiles; their reproductive and physiological tactics; taxonomy/systematics; and population biology. Emphasis will be placed on North American species and those groups inhabiting Texas. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4435	Techniques in Wildlife Management	The basic methodology of practical wildlife management. This involves techniques in monitoring and data collection related to population dynamics and habitat parameters of wildlife species. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4441	Cellular Physiology	Advanced cellular biology, including membrane physiology, thermodynamics, energy transduction and distribution, and cellular movement in non-muscle and muscle cells. Laboratory includes discussion of current research and exercises in cellular physiology. Prerequisites: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher; one semester of Organic Chemistry.
BIO 4442	Experimental Techniques	Use of methods and instruments applicable to biological investigations, including colorimetry; UV-spectrophotometry; fluorescence; flame and atomic absorption spectrophotometry; paper, gas, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography; radioactive counting; and electrophoresis. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4445	Pathogenic Microbiology	Pathogenic bacteria and their relationship to disease, emphasizing identification of selected groups of pathogens, epidemiology and the biological basis for resistance. Prerequisites: BIO 2400, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4446	Microbial Ecology	This course will illustrate the wide variety of bacteria in nature, their interactions with other organisms and the environments, and their roles in global cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. The laboratories will feature enrichments for selected groups of microorganisms (sulfate reducers, nitrogen fixers) and analysis of these isolates by microscopy, gas chromatography and radiochemical substrate utilizations. Prerequisites: BIO 2400, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4450	Physiological Ecology of Animals	This course brings together the principal concepts of environmental physiology of animals inhabiting the major ecological realms of the earth (land, air, sea, and fresh water). The biological problems associated with living in the various ecological realms will be discussed, and the biochemical and physiological adaptations of animals to their diverse habitats will be studied. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4454	Plant Ecology	Physiological ecology and community structure and function in the organization of terrestrial plant ecosystems. Quantitative vegetational sampling and the use of field and laboratory physiological equipment are included in the laboratory. This course or BIO 4416 is required of all Biology majors. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4464	Vertebrate Morphology	This course examines the biological processes that promote and maintain diversity. Lectures and laboratory exercises will explore the morphology, classification, and life history of vertebrates. Prerequisites: BIO 1430, 1431, and 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4465	General Entomology	Principles of morphology, physiology and taxonomy of insects. Laboratory time will be devoted to a taxonomic study of the common orders and families of insects. Prerequisites: BIO 2411, 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4470	Limnology	The physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting productivity in lakes, ponds, and streams. Limnological sampling methods, chemical, and biological analysis of samples and hydrographic surveying are included in the laboratory. Prerequisites: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher; one year of chemistry.
BIO 4472	Animal Behaviour	This course presents all the major facets of the study of animal behavior, giving special attention to its evolution and ecological significance. We will discuss major conceptual models guiding past and present research in the field. Laboratories will emphasize experimental techniques and statistical analysis. Prerequisites: BIO 2450; BIO 2400, 2410, or 2411 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4480	Cytology and Microtechnique	A study of cellular structure and microscopic technique. The lecture portion of the course presents cytology of all cell types and theoretical aspects of microscopy including light and electron-based technologies. The laboratory portion of the course provides training in standard light and electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and digital microscopy. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.
BIO 4481	Internship in Biological Laboratory Technologies	The student will participate in the work of a selected biology unit (private, commercial, or governmental). A research paper, reporting the internship experience conducted at the biological unit under the supervision of a faculty member, will be required. This course may be credited toward a biology major with prior approval of the biology department adviser and chair. Prerequisite: BIO 2450 with a grade of C or higher.

GS 3310	General Science	A laboratory course designed to acquaint the student with the fundamentals of chemistry and earth space science. Non-creditable for science majors. A required course for Elementary EC-4 Generalist certification, grades 4-8 Science certification, and grades 4-8 Mathematics/Science certification. Prerequisites: PHYS 1310, 1320, and 1110 or PHYS 1410, 1420 completed with a grade of C or higher.
GS 3320	General Science	A laboratory course designed to acquaint the student with the fundamentals of biological science. Non-creditable for science majors. A required course for Elementary EC-4 Generalist certification, grades 4-8 Science certification, grades 4-8 Mathematics/Science certification. Prerequisite: BIO 1320, 1421, 1430, or 1431 completed with a grade of C or higher.

Graduate Courses

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Number	Title	Description and Prerequisite
BIO 5110A	General
BIO 5110C	Seminar in Cell Biology	Graduate seminar course in Cell Biology
BIO 5110E	Ecology	Graduate seminar course in Cell Biology
BIO 5110L	Limnology	Selected topics in Limnology
BIO 5110M	Microbiology
BIO 5110Q	Physiology Seminar	This seminar will focus on the recent physiological advances of a physiology group or organ system.
BIO 5110W	Wildlife Biology
BIO 5110Z	Current Aspects of Zoology	This course examines recent advances in zoology with emphasis each semester on a different phylogenetic group.
BIO 5114	Collaborative Masters Research Experience	This course (concurrent enrollment allowed) allows masters level graduate students to initiate, conduct, and participate in research in collaboration with graduate faculty of the Department of Biology that is in addition to thesis research conducted under BIO 5399A or 5399B. This course recognizes the collaborative nature of scientific investigation. See also 5214, 5314.
BIO 5214	Collaborative Masters Research Experience	This course (concurrent enrollment allowed) allows masters level graduate students to initiate, conduct, and participate in research in collaboration with graduate faculty of the Department of Biology that is in addition to thesis research conducted under BIO 5399A or 5399B. This course recognizes the collaborative nature of scientific investigation. See also 5314.
BIO 5295	Fundamentals of Research	Designed to acquaint the beginning graduate student with materials and methods of research in the biological sciences. It is recommended that a graduate student take this course the first semester in residence. (F)
BIO 5300	Neurobiology	This course presents the biology of the nervous system with emphasis on the human nervous system. Topics presented in lecture include neuroanatomy, cellular neurobiology, neurophysiology, developmental neurobiology, and neuronal plasticity, (F, odd years) Prerequisites: PHYS 1420 and 1430 or consent of instructor.
BIO 5301	Evolution	Basic genetic principles applied to natural selection, adaptation, populations, and speciation. Consideration is given to the origin of life, nature of chromosomal variation, evolution of genetic systems, and certain other selected topics. Prerequisite: Undergraduate genetics course or its equivalent.
BIO 5304	Wildlife and Recreation: Impact and Management	Students will be introduced to the impact human recreational activities have on wildlife habitats and populations. Management practices to enhance human-wildlife encounters or to minimize detrimental effects on wildlife populations will be presented. (F, even years)
BIO 5305	Wildlife and Recreation: Impact and Management	Students will be introduced to the impact human recreational activities have on wildlife habitats and populations. Management practices to enhance human-wildlife encounters or to minimize detrimental effects on wildlife populations will be presented. (F, even years)
BIO 5308	History of Vegetation and Climate	An overview of past vegetation and its relationship to changing climate. Topics include principles of paleovegetation analysis, paleoclimatology, the rise of flowering plants, vegetation during the age of dinosaurs, the rise of the grasslands, and the Quaternary Ice Age. Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.
BIO 5314	Collaborative Masters Research Experience	This course (concurrent enrollment allowed) allows masters level graduate students to initiate, conduct, and participate in research in collaboration with graduate faculty of the Department of Biology that is in addition to thesis research conducted under BIO 5399A or 5399B. This course recognizes the collaborative nature of scientific investigation.
BIO 5318	Topics in Botany	Selected topics in plant anatomy, cytology, ecology, morphology, mycology, phycology, physiology, and taxonomy. This course may be repeated once for credit.
BIO 5319	Topics in Ecology	Selected topics in physiological, population, or community ecology. This course may be repeated once for credit.
BIO 5319C	Ecotoxicology	Topics to be covered include sources, types, and fates of toxicants, organism response to toxicants, toxicant effects at the population, community, and ecosystem levels, and monitoring and risk assessment. Examination of current literature will form the core of the course.
BIO 5324	Natural History and Conservation of Large Mammals	This course will introduce students to advanced details of natural history, research, and conservation of large mammals. Topics considered will include natural history, range and population status (historic and current), importance to and interaction with humans, research design and analysis, and the development of conservation and management plans.
BIO 5335	Fisheries Management	An introduction to principles and techniques in fisheries management. Includes the study of artificial reproduction, carrying capacity, productivity, sampling procedures, population estimates, mortality, survival growth rates, and commercial and sport fisheries. (S, even years)
BIO 5347	Conservation Biology	Course examines the massive alteration of habitats and associated biological changes that threaten the existence of species and basic ecosystems. Class covers conservation ethics, working paradigms for conservation biology levels and loss of global biodiversity, conservation of population and ecosystems, restoration ecology, endangered species and laws.
BIO 5350	Topics in Physiology	Selected advanced topics in plant, microbial, and animal physiology. This course may be repeated once for credit. Prerequisites: Biology undergraduate zoology course or instructors permission.
BIO 5353	Biogeography	Examines historical and ecological explanations of the geographic distribution of organisms including the role of geologic, climatic, and biologic changes. Emphasizes the historical and philosophical development of the science and modern methods of analysis. Prerequisites: Undergraduate evolution and ecology courses, or consent of instructor.
BIO 5361	Biology of Water Pollution	Biological aspects of water pollution and purification will be stressed. Attention is given to the response of aquatic communities to changes in water quality. Current pollution problems, toxicity bioassays, biological techniques, and methods for monitoring pollution are considered. (S, odd years) Prerequisites: Undergraduate aquatic biology course and limnology course, or consent of instructor.
BIO 5362	Environmental Impact Analysis	Current government regulations regarding environmental impact, content of environmental impact statements, how to proceed with an impact study, application of ecological principles to impact studies, and steps in the review process for environmental impact statements are considered. (SS, odd years). Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.
BIO 5367	Behavioral Ecology	Examination of the evolutionary implications of behavioral interactions through the assessment of current theory and research related to cooperation and conflict, mating and parental conflict, and sexual selection. Class will consist of lectures, discussions of recent primary literature, and scientific writing.
BIO 5390	Problems in the Biological Sciences	Open to graduate students on an individual basis by arrangement with the faculty member concerned.
BIO 5399A	Thesis	This course represents a students initial thesis enrollment. No thesis credit is awarded until student has completed the thesis in Biology 5399B. Students working toward the M.A. or M.S. with a thesis are expected to enroll in thesis each semester in which faculty supervision is received or laboratory facilities are used. Graded on a credit (CR), progress (PR), no-credit (F) basis.
BIO 5399B	Thesis	This course represents a students continuing thesis enrollments. The student continues to enroll in this course until the thesis is submitted for binding. Cannot be taken unless a Thesis Proposal has been submitted. Students working toward the M.A. or M.S. with a thesis are expected to enroll in thesis each semester in which faculty supervision is received or laboratory facilities are utilized. Graded on a credit (CR), progress (PR), no-credit (F) basis.
BIO 5402	Earth Science I	A study of astronomy and meteorology through observation, description, and interpretation of earth phenomena. Includes field observations, methods of measurement and interpretation of data related to the physical environment and space technology. Requires independent scientific and science education research and presentation of findings in a professional context.
BIO 5403	Earth Science II	The description and interpretation of earth phenomena considered from the standpoint of geology and oceanography. Includes field observations, methods of sampling and interpretation of data related to the physical environment. Requires independent scientific and science education research and presentation of findings in a professional context.
BIO 5405	Statistics and Experimental Design for Biologists I	Introduction to inferential statistics, including exploratory and confirmatory data analysis, estimation and hypothesis testing, analysis of variance and regression, and non-parametric techniques, as applied to biological research. Computer applications emphasized.
BIO 5406	Statistics and Experimental Design for Biologists II	Introduction to principles of experimental design, including randomization, replication, sample-size determination, completely randomized and randomized block design, factorial design, repeated measure design, and analysis of variance and covariance, as applied to biological research. Computer applications emphasized. Prerequisite: BIO 5405 or consent of instructor.
BIO 5408	Science Processes and Research	Students will analyze Texas science education requirements; safety; research designs, design, conduct, and present both scientific and science education research. Stress is on broad-field structure and integration of major science concepts. Should be taken semester prior to science student teaching. Requires independent scientific and science education research and presentation of findings in a professional context.
BIO 5410	Field Biology of Plants	Ecological relationships and natural history of plants, including historical geology, geography, soils, and vegetational regions of Central Texas. (F, SS)
BIO 5411	Morphology of the Vascular Plants	A phylogenetic survey of living and fossil vascular plants that focuses on external morphology and reproductive biology. Topics include phylogenetic reconstruction, the origin of vascular plants, seed reproduction, and the origin of angiosperms. Emphasis is on broad-scale evolutionary patterns and origin of major taxonomic groups. (S, even years) Prerequisites: Biology undergraduate botany course and General Chemistry I and II, or consent of instructor
BIO 5412	Plant Anatomy	A descriptive and functional analysis of seed plants that focuses on internal structure. Topics include recognition and characterization of plant tissues, the structure of plant organs, and organ development. Emphasis is on pattern of tissue organization common to all seed plants and the functional basis for anatomical structure. (S, odd years) Prerequisites: Biology undergraduate botany course, and General Chemistry I and II, or consent of instructor.
BIO 5413	Parasitology	The biology and biological significance of the common parasites of man and animals. (S) Prerequisite: Biology undergraduate zoology course or consent of instructor.
BIO 5415	Ichthyology	An introduction to the morphology, taxonomy, natural history, and evolution of fishes. Field trips will be made to collect specimens, and laboratory periods will be devoted to morphological and systematic analyses. (F, SS) Prerequisite: Biology undergraduate zoology course or consent of instructor.
BIO 5419	Stream Ecology	Class covers ecological theories, concepts, and processes occurring at the population, community, and ecosystem levels of organization in running water. Lab includes sampling methods, description and comparative studies, experiments, critical discussion of literature and experience in writing manuscripts. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.
BIO 5420	Natural History of the Vertebrates	Environmental relationships and natural history of vertebrates. Emphasis is on evolution taxonomy, speciation, behavior, and morphology. Laboratory will include field trips for the study and collection of vertebrates in their natural habitats. Students will assemble a representative collection of vertebrates. (S, SS)
BIO 5421	Ornithology	Introduction to anatomy, behavior, ecology, and identification of the birds of Texas. Laboratory will emphasize field studies of birds and their habitat requirements. (S)
BIO 5422	Mammalogy	The taxonomy, distribution, ecology, behavior, and evolution of mammals with particular emphasis on wild mammals of the Southwest. Laboratory will emphasize anatomy, identification, preparation of specimens, and field exercises in methods of population analysis. Students may assemble representative mammal collection. (S)
BIO 5423	Wildlife Management	Application of ecological principles and natural history concepts to the management of wildlife habitats and populations. Laboratory will involve demonstrations and practice exercises with wildlife management techniques and instrumentation, and field trips to observe wildlife management projects. (F).
BIO 5424	Topics in Wildlife Biology	Concepts in wildlife biology are studied in depth with emphasis on their application to the management of wildlife species. May be repeated once for credit. (F, S) Prerequisites: Biology 4421, 4422, and 4423 or consent of instructor.
BIO 5425	Topics in Wildlife Biology	Basic principles of statistical methods as applied to biological problems such as sampling techniques, analysis of data, experimental design, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be on practical application. Three-hour laboratory will provide supervised solution of statistical problems using hardware and software tools of the trade as well as supervised experience with statistical simulations on color graphics microcomputers. (F, S) Prerequisite: One year of mathematics.
BIO 5426	Immunology	A study of the immune response, antigen/antibody reactions, major histocompatibility complex, and immunopathology. (S) Prerequisite: Biology undergraduate cellular biology course or 3442 and organic chemistry, or consent of instructor.
BIO 5430	Topics in Mycology	Selected topics covering the Kingdom Fungi, including aquatic mycology, marine mycology, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, macro fungi, and slime molds. May be repeated once for credit.
BIO 5434	Herpetology	A course treating the origin and evolution of amphibians and reptiles; their reproductive and physiological tactics; taxonomy/systematics; and population biology. Emphasis will be placed on North American species and those groups inhabiting Texas. (F)
BIO 5435	Techniques in Wildlife Management	The basic methodology of practical wildlife management. This involves techniques in monitoring and data collection related to population dynamics and habitat parameters of wildlife species as well as field research. (S)
BIO 5441	Cellular Physiology	Advanced cellular biology, including membrane physiology, thermodynamics, energy transduction and distribution, and cellular movement in non-muscle and muscle cells. Laboratory includes discussion of current research and exercises in cellular physiology. (S) Prerequisites: Cell biology, organic chemistry, or consent of instructor.
BIO 5442	Experimental Techniques	Use of methods and instruments applicable to biological investigations, including colorimetry, UV-spectrophotometry, fluorescence, flame and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, paper, gas, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, radioactive counting, and electrophoresis. (F)
BIO 5445	Experimental Techniques	Use of methods and instruments applicable to biological investigations, including colorimetry, UV-spectrophotometry, fluorescence, flame and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, paper, gas, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, radioactive counting, and electrophoresis. (F)
BIO 5446	Microbial Ecology	This course will illustrate the wide variety of bacteria in nature, their interactions with other organisms and the environments, and their roles in the global cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. The laboratories will feature enrichments for selected groups of microorganisms (sulfate reducers, nitrogen fixer) and analysis if these isolates by microscopy, gas chromatography, and radiochemical substrate utilizations.
BIO 5450	Physiological Ecology of Animals	Course brings together the principle concepts of environmental physiology of animals. The biological problems associated with living in various ecological realms will be discussed, and the biochemical and physiological adaptations of animals to their diverse habitats will be studied. (S) Prerequisites: Organic chemistry or consent of instructor.
BIO 5454	Plant Ecology	Functional ecology of terrestrial plants, plant populations, and communities. Laboratory emphasizes quantitative and experimental approaches to plant ecology and the use of field and laboratory physiology equipment. (S) Prerequisites: Undergraduate ecology course, undergraduate plant physiology course, and an undergraduate cellular biology course, or consent of the instructor.
BIO 5465	General Entomology	Principles of morphology, physiology, and taxonomy of insects. Laboratory time will be devoted to a taxonomic study of the common orders and families of insects. (F) Prerequisite: Biology undergraduate zoology course or consent of instructor.
BIO 5466	Phylogenetic Methods	Reconstructing phylogenies is important in most fields of biology. Course emphasis is on practical data collection, management, and analysis. Laboratory exercises will introduce phylogenetic and DNA analysis software, and WWW resources. Students will learn how to address questions in their own research using phylogenetic methodologies. Prerequisite: Genetics course or consent of instructor.
BIO 5470	Limnology	Physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting productivity in lakes, ponds, and streams. Limnology sampling methods, chemical and biological analysis of samples, and hydrographic surveying are included in the laboratory. (F) Prerequisite: One year of chemistry, or consent of instructor.
BIO 5471	Reservoir Ecology	Study of the physical, geological, chemical, and biological factors that influence and make up reservoir ecosystems. Prerequisites: Limnology course or consent of instructor.
BIO 5472	Animal Behavior	This course presents all the major facets of the study of animal behavior, giving special attention to its evolution and ecological significance. We will discuss major conceptual models guiding past and present research in the field. Laboratories will emphasize experimental techniques and statistical analysis. Prerequisites: One course in statistics, or consent of instructor.
BIO 5480	Cytology and Micro-technique	Study of cellular ultra-structure and electron micro technique. Lecture portion of course will cover cytology of all cell types and theoretical aspects of light microscopy and electron microscopy. Laboratory portion will train students to proficiency in microscopy. (F)
BIO 5481	Internship in Biological Laboratory Technologies	The student will participate in the work of a selected biology unit (private, commercial, or governmental). A research paper reporting the internship experience conducted at the biological unit under the supervision of a faculty member will be required. This course may be credited toward a biology major with prior approval of the graduate advisor and department chair. Graded on a credit (CR), no credit (F) basis.

Doctoral Courses

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Number	Title	Description and Prerequisite
BIO 7102	Seminar in Aquatic Resources.	(1-0) Interactive discussion of timely issues and problems, designed to introduce students to the range of scientific, socioeconomic and policy issues likely to be encountered within the field of aquatic resources. All students seeking a doctoral degree in Aquatic Resources must enroll in BIO 7102 at least twice.
BIO 7114	Collaborative Doctoral Research Experience.	(1-1) This course (concurrent enrollment allowed) allows Ph.D. level graduate students to initiate, conduct, and participate in collaborative research with graduate faculty of the Department of Biology that is in addition to research conducted under BIO 7303, 7399A, or 7699A. This course recognizes the collaborative nature of scientific investigation.
BIO 7214	Collaborative Doctoral Research Experience.	(2-2) This course (concurrent enrollment allowed) allows Ph.D. level graduate students to initiate, conduct, and participate in collaborative research with graduate faculty of the Department of Biology that is in addition to research conducted under BIO 7303, 7399A, or 7699A. This course recognizes the collaborative nature of scientific investigation.
BIO 7302	Problems in Aquatic Resources.	(3-0) Individual study on specific state, national, or international aquatic resources issues, under direct supervision of a doctoral or associate faculty member. Students may not enroll in BIO 7302 more than twice for doctoral credit without the approval of the Graduate Program Director.
BIO 7303	Research.	(3-3) Research course for students who have not yet passed their Candidacy Exam, typically under direction of research-dissertation supervisor. Pre-candidacy students must enroll in course every semester until admission to Candidacy, although the it may not be taken more than three times for doctoral credit without the approval of Graduate Program Director.
BIO 7308	History of Vegetation and Climate.	(3-1) An overview of past vegetation and its relationship to changing climate. Topics include principles of paleovegetation analysis, paleoclimatology, the rise of flowering plants, vegetation during the age of dinosaurs, the rise of the grasslands, and the Quaternary Ice Age. Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.
BIO 7310	Global Aquatic Resources.	(3-0) Introduction to global, national, and regional aquatic resource issues, including scientific, environmental policy and socioeconomic components and perspectives. Water quantity and quality issues and their root causes in different regions of the world are examined, with an emphasis on case studies.
BIO 7312	Government Policy and Aquatic Resources.	(3-0) Examination of aquatic resources issues in federal, state, or local governments, including examination of goals and relations of different governmental entities to each other. Relevant international treaties, and federal and state statutes in which these policies are embodied, are examined.
BIO 7314	Collaborative Doctoral Research Experience.	(3-3) This course (concurrent enrollment allowed) allows Ph.D. level graduate students to initiate, conduct, and participate in collaborative research with graduate faculty of the Department of Biology that is in addition to research conducted under BIO 7303, 7399A, or 7699A. This course recognizes the collaborative nature of scientific investigation.
BIO 7322	Scientific Method and Aquatic Resources.	(3-0) Analysis of the scientific method applied to ecological research, focusing on aquatic ecosystems. Topics include methods of reasoning and statistical inferences in research, strategies of scientific research in aquatic ecology, and scientific research as a social process.
BIO 7324	Natural History and Conservation of Large Mammals.	(3-0) This course will introduce students to advanced details of natural history, research, and conservation of large mammals. Topics considered will include natural history, range and population status (historic and current), importance to and interaction with humans, research design and analysis, and the development of conservation and management plans.
BIO 7325	Wildlife and Recreation: Impact and Management	(3-0). Introduction to the impacts of human recreational activities on wildlife habitats and populations. Management practices to enhance human-wildlife encounters or to minimize detrimental effects on wildlife populations are presented. Prerequisites: BIO 5423 and BIO 5435, or consent of instructor.
BIO 7328	Waterfowl Management.	(3-3) Examination of the principles and practical methodology of waterfowl management, including techniques in monitoring and data collection related to population dynamics and habitat parameters of waterfowl species. Field trips may be required.
BIO 7346	Conservation Biology.	(3-0) Examination of the alteration of habitats and associated biological changes threatening the continued existence of species and basic ecosystems. Topics include conservation ethics, working paradigms, levels and loss of global biodiversity, conservation at population and ecosystem levels, restoration ecology, endangered species biology and conservation laws. Recent Advances are stressed.
BIO 7348	Aquatic Resources Economics.	(3-0) Examination of economic and related social issues for facilitation of sustainable aquatic resources for competing beneficial human uses and ecosystem maintenance, including valuation of aquatic ecosystem services. Prerequisite: BIO 7312 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7350	Aquatic Resources Law.	(3-0) Examination of treaties, state and federal laws, and regional and local regulations, affecting freshwater and coastal aquatic resources. The focus is on aquatic ecosystems, water quantity and quality and environmental conditions, including the availability, storage, use, and protection of aquatic resources. Prerequisite: BIO 7312 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7352	Aquatic Resources Hydrology.	(2-3) Overview of the properties, distribution, and movement of water over and under the land surface, in the atmosphere, and the relation to sustainable aquatic resources.
BIO 7353	Biogeography.	(3-1) Examines historical and ecological explanations of the geographic distribution of organisms including the role of geologic, climatic, and biologic changes. Emphasizes the historical and philosophical development of the science and modern methods of analysis. Prerequisites: Undergraduate evolution and ecology courses, or consent of instructor.
BIO 7355	Plant-Water Relations.	(3-0) Examination of the physiology and ecology of water use in higher plants, including the uptake, utilization, and movement of water, transpiration and adaptation to variable water availability including drought, and the ecological role of water in structuring plant communities. Prerequisite: BIO 3465 or equivalent, or consent of instructor.
BIO 7356	Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems.	(3-0) Overview of the water quality degradation of aquatic ecosystems (rivers, lakes, wetlands, groundwater aquifers) and their living resources from point and nonpoint pollutant sources. Topics will include aquatic ecosystem pollution and impacts attributable to nutrients, heavy metals, organic chemicals, sediment, salinization, and acid rain. Field trips may be required.
BIO 7360	Special Topics in Aquatic Resources.	(3-0) Examination of current or emerging state, national and international aquatic resources issues, including root causes and their human and ecosystem implications. The course may be repeated for credit, depending on the topic. No more than six hours can be counted for doctoral credit without the approval of the Graduate Program Director.
BIO 7360A	Industry and Sustainable Aquatic Resources.	(3-0) Examination of industrial water needs and uses, the types and quantities of water pollutants produced by different industries, problems faced by industry regarding process water for different manufacturing activities, and the possibilities for industry to contribute to the goal of sustainable aquatic resources.
BIO 7360B	Environmental Linkages and Sustainable Aquatic Resources.	(3-0) Introduction to the environmental relationships between humans and other living beings and the ecological systems in which they exist. Emphasis will be on the potential for individual environmental problems to have serious impacts on other environmental components, as well as the nature of these impacts.
BIO 7362	Environmental Impact Analysis.	(3-0) Examination of government regulations regarding environmental impact, content of environmental impact statements, procedure for impact studies, application of ecological principles to impact studies, and the review process for environmental impact statements, focusing on aquatic resources.
BIO 7366	Integrated Management of Aquatic Resources for Sustainable Use.	(3-0) Study of principles for the holistic, integrated management of aquatic resources for sustainable use, including watershed and regional planning processes and consideration of transboundary water systems. Linkages with other environmental components (climate change, biodiversity, etc.) will be discussed. Prerequisites: BIO 7310 and BIO 7312, or consent of instructor.
BIO 7368	Introduction to Ecological Modeling.	(3-0) Mathematical models range from simple conceptual models to complex mechanistic models for mimicking behavior of natural systems. This course provides knowledge regarding the quality of modeling studies, including modeling assumptions and quality of input data, and practical skills needed to conduct modeling projects. Knowledge of calculus recommended. Computer applications emphasized. Prerequisite: MATH 2471/2472 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7399A	Dissertation.	(3-5) Original research and writing in Aquatic Resources, to be accomplished under direct supervision of the dissertation advisor. While conducting dissertation research and writing, students must be continuously enrolled each semester (including summer) for at least three dissertation hours. Graded on a credit (CR), progress (PR), no–credit (F) basis.
BIO 7401	Assessment Techniques for Aquatic Resources.	(3-3) The rationale for designing and implementing monitoring and sampling programs for aquatic resources is examined. General field and laboratory methods for assessing water quantity, water quantity and the status of aquatic ecosystems and their living resources, will be introduced. Field trips will be required.
BIO 7402	Molecular Field Techniques.	(2-3) The application of molecular tools for identifying, quantifying, and interpreting biological diversity assessments in aquatic systems. The course focuses on micro organismal identification and vertebrate model systems.
BIO 7405	Statistics and Experimental Design I.	(3-0) Introduction to inferential statistics, including exploratory and confirmatory data analysis, estimation and hypothesis testing, analysis of variance and regression, and non-parametric techniques, as applied to aquatic resource issues. Computer applications emphasized.
BIO 7406	Statistics and Experimental Design II.	(3-0) Introduction to the principles of experimental design, including randomization, replication, sample-size determination, completely randomized and randomized block design, factorial design, repeated measure design, and analysis of variance and covariance, as applied to aquatic resource issues. Computer applications emphasized. Prerequisite: BIO 7405 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7407	Instrumentation for Water Quality Analysis.	(3-3) An introduction to the theory and application of laboratory and field instrumentation and techniques for analysis of water quality. Prerequisite: CHEM 3410 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7408	Fish Ecology and Conservation.	(3-3) Examination of the linkages and interactions between fish assemblages and communities and their population ecology. Issues related to flowing and pooled water systems and fisheries conservation also are discussed. Field trips may be required.
BIO 7410	Aquatic Microbial Ecology.	(3-3) Examination of microbial organisms, communities, and interactions affecting the form, structure, and functional aspects of aquatic ecosystems. Field trips may be required. Prerequisite: BIO 2400/3440 (Microbiology) or consent of instructor.
BIO 7419	Stream Ecology.	(3-3) Study of ecological theories, concepts, and processes occurring at the population, community, and ecosystem levels of organization in running water. Laboratory includes sampling methods, descriptive and comparative studies, experiments, and critical discussion of literature. Field trips may be required.
BIO 7421	Landscape Ecology and Aquatic Resources.	(3-3) Study of processes influencing energy flows, nutrient and mineral cycling, and pollution of aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing system and spatial analysis of watershed and land use features and characteristics. Use of geographic information systems and remote-sensing techniques will be examined. Field trips may be required.
BIO 7422	Wetlands Ecology.	(3-3) Study of the characteristics, classification, conservation and management of marshes and other periodically-inundated ecosystems, emphasizing the interactions of physical, chemical and biological factors. Field trips may be required. Prerequisite: BIO 4416 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7424	Phycology.	(3-3) Examination of algae (phytoplankton, periphyton) and their structure, taxonomy, ecology and distribution.
BIO 7426	Ecology and Management of Aquatic Macrophytes.	(3-3) Examination of aquatic macrophytes and their ecology, taxonomy, distribution and management. Field trips may be required.
BIO 7427	Principles of Population Biology I.	(3-3) Provides a foundation in theory and mathematics of basic population biology. The course is divided into modular components including defining evolutionary significant units, ecology of populations, genetics of populations, and evolutionary genetics. Prerequisites: BIO 4416 and 2450, or permission of instructor.
BIO 7428	Principles of Population Biology II.	(3-3) Provides a foundation in theory and mathematics of basic population biology. The course is divided into modular components which include: 1) Ecology of Communities, 2) Evolution of Behavior, 3) Phylogenic Methods, and 4) Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology. Prerequisite: BIO 7427 or permission of instructor.
BIO 7440	Aquatic Toxicology.	(3-3) Introduction to principles for identifying and assessing the adverse effects of chemicals and other compounds and mixtures on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Completion of BIO 7402 is recommended prior to enrollment in BIO 7440.
BIO 7466	Phylogenetics.	(2-3) Study of the use of phylogenetic methodologies in aquatic research, including practical data collection, management, and analysis in the reconstruction of phylogenies. Laboratory exercises will introduce phylogenetic and DNA analysis software. Prerequisite: BIO 2450, 4369 and 5466, or consent of instructor.
BIO 7468	Groundwater Resources.	(3-3) Study of the geological, physical, chemical and biological factors influencing sustainable groundwater resources, including hydrologic linkages and interactions with surface aquatic resources. Emphasis will be on the karst aquifer systems of Central Texas, and other groundwater aquifer systems of the United States.
BIO 7471	Reservoir Ecology.	(3-3) Study of the physical, geological, chemical, and biological factors that influence and form structural and functional aspects of reservoir ecosystems. Lab focuses on field, laboratory, and mathematical approaches to quantifying and managing these important ecosystems. Field trips may be required. Prerequisite: Biology 4470 or 5470 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7475	Restoration of Polluted Aquatic Resources.	(3-3) Overview of methods for treating or restoring aquatic resources degraded by pollution and related anthropogenic impacts. Topics include point and nonpoint source pollution of surface waters and groundwater aquifers, pollution from storage and waste disposal sites, aquatic habitat rehabilitation, and on-site methods. Field trips may be required. Prerequisite: BIO 7356 or consent of instructor.
BIO 7699A	Dissertation.	(6-10) Original research and writing in Aquatic Resources, to be accomplished under direct supervision of the dissertation advisor. While conducting dissertation research and writing, students must be continuously enrolled each semester (including summer) for at least three dissertation hours. Graded on a credit (CR), progress (PR), no-credit (F) basis.